SDG Goal 7: Ensure Access to Affordable, Reliable, Sustainable, and Modern Energy for All

The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 focuses on ensuring universal access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy. Energy is a cornerstone for economic growth, social development, and environmental sustainability. Access to clean and modern energy drives progress in healthcare, education, agriculture, and industry while mitigating climate change by reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

Economic and human development are hampered by a lack of access to energy sources and transformation systems. Numerous renewable and non-renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, biofuels, natural gas, coal, petroleum, and uranium, are found in the environment. Global climate change will result from increased usage of fossil fuels without steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Disaster risk reduction and climate change mitigation are aided by energy efficiency and increased usage of renewable energy sources. Ecosystem preservation and upkeep enable the use and advancement of hydropower and bioenergy sources.

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For cooking and heating, 3 billion people use wood, coal, charcoal, or animal dung. Energy is the primary cause of climate change, contributing around 60% of all greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Global carbon dioxide emissions have risen by over 46% since 1990.
With 16% of global electricity coming from hydropower at competitive costs, it is currently the greatest renewable electricity source. In a number of developed, growing, and developing nations, it controls the majority of the electrical mix. With 10% of the world’s primary energy supply coming from bioenergy, it is currently the greatest renewable energy source.